| 1990-1999
 363. S.-R. Keum; D.H. Gregory; and T.C. Bruice. Oxidation of Aminophenols 
              by 4a-Hydroperoxy-5-ethyllumiflavin Anion. Flavoenzyme Hydroxylase 
              Mechanism. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 2711.  364. R.D. Arasasingham and T.C. Bruice. Reaction of Hydroxide Ion 
              with Manganese(III) Tetramesitylporphyrin and the Oxidation States 
              of Manganese Tetramesitylporphyrins. Inorg. Chem. 1990, 29, 1422. 
             365. J.M. Garrison; R.W. Lee and T.C. Bruice. Epoxidation of Alkenes 
              by Oxo(5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2,6-dimethyl-3- sulphonatophenyl)porphinato)chromium(V) 
              in Aqueous Solution. Inorg. Chem. 1990, 29, 2019.  366. T.W. Kaaret and T.C. Bruice. Electrochemical Luminescence with 
              N(5)-Ethyl-4a-Hydroxy-4a,5-Dihydrolumiflavin. The Mechanism of Bacterial 
              Luciferase. Photochem. Photobiol. 1990, 51, 629.  367. R. Panicucci and T. C. Bruice. Dynamics of the Reaction of Hydrogen 
              Peroxide with a Water Soluble Non µ-Oxo Dimer Forming Iron(III) 
              Tetraphenylporphyrin. 2. The Reaction of Hydrogen Peroxide with 
              5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(2,6-dichloro-3- sulfonatophenyl)-porphinatoiron(III) 
              in Aqueous Solution. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6063.  368. K. Murata; R. Panicucci; E. Gopinath and T.C. Bruice. The Reaction 
              of 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(2,6-dichloro-sulfonatophenyl) porphinato-iron(III) 
              Hydrate with Alkyl and Acyl Hydroperoxides. The Dynamics of Reaction 
              of Water-Soluble and Non µ-Oxo Dimer Forming Iron(III) Prophyrins 
              in Aqueous Solution. 7. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990,112, 6072.  369. C.-H. Lee; B. Garcia; and T.C. Bruice. First Synthesis of a 
              Pendant-Capped Porphyrin. A Biphenyl Pendant Capped Porphyrin Model 
              of Catalase. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6434.  371. G.-X. He and T.C. Bruice. Nature of the Epoxidizing Species 
              Generated by Reaction of Alkyl Hydroperoxides with Iron(III) Porphyrins. 
              Oxidation of cis-Stilbene and (Z)-1,2-Bis(trans- 2,trans-3-diphenylcyclopropyl)ethene 
              by t-BuOOH in the presence of [meso-Tetrakis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)porphinato]- 
              [meso-Tetrakis(2,6-dichlorophenyl)porphinato]-, and [meso- Tetrakis(2,6-dibromophenyl)porphinato]-iron(III) 
              Chloride. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 2747.  372. B.C. Bookser and T.C. Bruice. Synthesis of Quadruply Two- and 
              Three-Atom, Aza-Bridged, Cofacial Bis(5,10,15,20- Tetraphenylporphyrins). 
              J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 4208.  373. A. Salehi; H-Y. Mei; and T.C. Bruice. Synthesis and DNA-Binding 
              Studiesof New Cationic Guanidine and Betaineamide Tetraphenylpophyrins. 
              Tet. Lett. 1991, 32, 3453.  374. R. Karaman and T. C. Bruice. Synthesis and Characterization 
              of the First Water-Soluble Closely Interspaced Cofacial Porphyrin 
              Dimer. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 3470.  375. T.W. Kaaret; G. Zhang and T.C. Bruice. Electrochemistry and 
              the Dependence of Potentials on pH of Iron and Manganese Tetraphenylporphyrins 
              in Aqueous Solution. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 4652.  376. E. Gopinath and T.C. Bruice. Dynamics of Reaction of [5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(2,6-dimethyl-3-sulfonatophenyl)- 
              porphinato]iron(III) Hydrate with t-BuOOH in Aqueous Solution. 3. 
              Comparison of Refined Kinetic Parameters and D2O Solvent Isotope 
              Effects to Those for [5,10,15,20- Tetrakis(2,6-dichloro-3-sulfonatophenyl)-porphinato]iron(III) 
              Hydrate and Iron(III) Hydrate. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 4657. 
             377. G.-X. He; H.-Y. Mei and T.C. Bruice. Evaluation of the Selectivity 
              of the Epoxidation of cis- versus trans-Alkenes by Oxo[meso-tetrakis(2,6-dibromophenyl)porphinato] 
              chromium(V). Dynamics, Products and Van der Waals Energies. J. Am. 
              Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 5644.  378. E. Gopinath and T.C. Bruice. Dynamics of Reaction of [meso- 
              Tetrakis(2,6-dimethyl-3-sulfonatophenyl)porphinato]-iron(III) Hydrate 
              with Various Alkyl Hydroperoxides in Aqueous Solution. 4. Comparison 
              of Kinetic Parameters and D2O Solvent Isotope Effects. J. Am. Chem. 
              Soc. 1991, 113, 6090. 379. R.D. Arasasingham and T.C. Bruice. The Dynamics of the Reactions 
              of Methyl Diphenylhydroperoxyacetate with [meso- Tetrakis(2,6-dimethyl-3-sulfonatophenyl)porphinato]- 
              manganese(III) Hydrate and [meso-Tetrakis(2,6-dichloro-3- sulfonatophenyl)porphinato]-manganese(III) 
              Hydrate and Imidazole Complexes. Comparison of the Reactions of 
              Manganese(III) and Iron(III) Porphyrins. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 
              113, 6095.  380. T.C. Bruice. Reactions of Hydroperoxides with Metallo-tetraphenylporphyrins 
              in Aqueous Solution. Acc. Chem. Res. 1991, 24, 243.  381. B. Garcia; C.-H. Lee; A. Blaskó and T.C. Bruice. Pendant-Capped 
              Porphyrins. 1. The Synthesis of a Biphenyl Pendant-Capped Iron(III) 
              Porphyrin Model of Catalase. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 8118. 
             382. S. Jeon and T.C. Bruice. Electrochemical Potentials, and Associated 
              pKa Values for Various Oxidation States of a Water- Soluble, Non 
              µ-Oxo Dimer Forming Chromium Tetraphenylporphyrin in Aqueous 
              Solution. Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30, 4311.  383. W.F.K. Schnatter; Ö. Almarsson and T.C. Bruice. The Synthesis 
              of a Porphyrin with a Hydrocarbon Encapsulated Face. Tetrahedron 
              1991, 47, 8687.  384. G.-X. He; R.D. Arasasingham; G. Zhang and T.C. Bruice. The Rate- 
              Limiting Step in the One-Electron Oxidation of an Alkene by Oxo[meso-tetrakis(2,6-dibromophenyl)porphinato]- 
              chromium(V) Is the Formation of a Charge-Transfer Complex. J. Am. 
              Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 9828.  385. T.C. Bruice; H.-Y. Mei; G.-X. He; and V. Lopez. Rational Design 
              of Substituted Tri-Pyrrole Peptides Which Complex with DNA by Both 
              Selective Minor Groove Binding and Electrostatic Interaction with 
              Phosphate Backbone. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 1992, 89, 1700. 
             386. R. Karaman; Ö. Almarsson and T.C. Bruice. A Molecular Dynamics 
              Approach to the Study of Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Quadruply 
              Bridged, Closely Interspaced Cofacial Tetraphenylporphyrin Dimers. 
              J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 1555.  387. R.D. Arasasingham; S. Jeon and T.C. Bruice. The Dynamics of 
              the Reactions of meso-Tetrakis(2,6-dimethyl-3- sulfonatophenyl)porphinato-manganese(III) 
              Hydrate with Various Alkyl Hydroperoxides in Aqueous Solution. Product 
              Studies and Comparison of Kinetic Parameters. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 
              1992, 114, 2536.  388. G.-X. He; O. Almarsson and T.C. Bruice. Stabilization of Carbinylcarbocation 
              by and Nucleophilic Attack upon Cyclopropyl and trans-2, trans-3-Diphenylcyclopropyl 
              Rings. Reduction of (trans-2, trans-3-Diphenylcyclopropyl)methanol 
              and (trans-2, trans-3-Diphenylcyclopropyl)-cyclopropylmethanol. 
              Tetrahedron 1992, 48, 3275.  389. A. Salehi; A. Shirazi and T.C. Bruice. Propensity Toward Formation 
              of Higher Aggregates in Anionic and Cationic Iron Tetraphenylporphyrin 
              u-Oxo Dimers: Evidence from 1H- and 13NMR Spectroscopy. Inorg. Chem. 
              Acta. 1992, 194, 119.  390. R. Karaman; Ö. Almarsson; A. Blaskó and T.C. Bruice. 
              The Design, Synthesis and Characterization of a "Shopping Basket" 
              Bis- Porphyrin. The First Examples of Triply Bridged Closely Interspaced 
              Cofacial Porphyrin Dimers. J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 2169.  391. R. Karaman; A. Blaskó; Ö. Almarsson; R. Arasasingham 
              and T.C. Bruice. Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Quadruply Aza Bridged 
              Closely Interspaced Cofacial Bis-5,10,15,20- Tetraphenylporphyrins 
              2. Synthesis, Characterization, Molecular Mechanics Calculations 
              and Physical Properties. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 4889.  392. R. Karaman; S. Jeon; Ö. Almarsson and T.C. Bruice. Symmetrical 
              and Unsymmetrical Quadruply Aza Bridged Closely Interspaced Cofacial 
              Bis-5,10,15,20-Tetraphenylporphyrins 3. Intraplanar Distance, 1H 
              NMR Chemical Shifts and the Catalysis of the Electrochemical Reduction 
              of Oxygen. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 4899.  393. K.A. Browne and T.C. Bruice. Chemistry of Phosphodiesters, DNA 
              and Models. II. The Hydrolysis of Bis(8-hydroxyquinoline) Phosphate 
              in the Absence and Presence of Metal Ions. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 
              114, 4951.  394. R. Karaman and T.C. Bruice. Unusual Behavior of meso- Substituted 
              5,10,15,20-Tetraphenylporphine Diacid Toward Oxygen Bronsted Bases. 
              Inorg. Chem. 1992, 31, 2455.  395. D. Ostovic and T.C. Bruice. Mechanism of Alkene Epoxidation 
              by the Higher Valent Oxo-Metalloporphyrins. Acc. Chem. Res. 1992, 
              25, 314.  396. H.-Y. Zhang; A. Blaskó; J.-Q. Yu; and T.C. Bruice. Bicyclo[2.2.2] 
              octane-capped Porphyrins. I. Synthesis, Characterization and Solution 
              Three-dimensional Structure. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 6621. 
             397. S. Jeon and T.C. Bruice. Redox Chemistry of Water-Soluble Iron, 
              Manganese, and Chromium Metalloporphyrins and Acid- Base Behavior 
              of Their Axial Ligands in Aqueous Solution: Influence of Electronic 
              Effects. Inorg. Chem. 1992, 31, 4843.  398. Ö. Almarsson; R. Karaman; and T.C. Bruice. Kinetic Importance 
              of Conformations of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide in the Reactions 
              of Dehydrogenase Enzymes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 8702.  399. M.J. Beck; E. Gopinath; and T.C. Bruice. Influence of Nitrogen 
              Base Ligation on the Rate of Reaction of [5,10,15,20- Tetrakis(2,6-dimethyl-3-sulfonatophenyl)porphinato] 
              Iron(III) Hydrate with t-BuOOH in Aqueous Solution. J. Am. Chem. 
              Soc. 1993, 58, 438.  400. R. Karaman; G.-X. He; F. Chu; A. Blaskó; and T.C. Bruice. 
              Opening of a Cyclopropyl ring in Diphenylcyclopropyl Alkenes Promoted 
              by Electron Transfer from Potassium 4,4'-di-tert-Butylbiphenyl Radical 
              Anion and X-ray Theoretical Calculations of (Z)-1,2- bis(trans-2,trans-3-diphenylcyclopropyl)ethane. 
              J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 438.  401. Ö. Almarsson and T.C. Bruice. Evaluation of the Factors 
              Influencing Reactivity and Stereospecificity in NAD(P)H Dependent 
              Dehydrogenase Enzymes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 2125.  402. S. Jeon; Ö. Almarsson; R. Karaman; A. Blaskó, and 
              T.C. Bruice. Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Quadruply Aza Bridged 
              Closely Interspaced Cofacial Bis-5,10,15,20 Tetraphenylporphyrins. 
              4. Structure and Conformational Effects on Electrochemistry and 
              the Catalysis of Electrochemical Reduction of Dioxygen by Bis-, 
              Tris, and Quadruply N,N-dimethylene Sulfonamide Bridged Dimeric 
              Bis- Cobalt Tetraphenylporphyrins. Inorganic Chemistry 1993, 32, 
              2562.  403. G-X. He; K.A. Browne; J.C. Groppe; A. Blasko; H-Y. Mei; and 
              T.C. Bruice. Microgonotropens and Their Interactions with DNA. I. 
              Synthesis of the Tri-Pyrrole Peptides Dien-Microgonotropen-a, -b, 
              and -c and Characterization of Their Interactions with dsDNA. J. 
              Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 7061.  404. K.A. Browne; G-X. He; and T.C. Bruice. Microgonotropens and 
              Their Interactions with DNA. II. Quantitative Evaluation of Equilibrium 
              Constants for 1:1 and 2:1 Binding of Dien-Microgonotropen-a, -b, 
              and -c as well as Distamycin and Hoechst 33258 to d(GGCGCAAATTTGGCGG)/d(CCGCCAAATTTGCGCC). 
              J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 7072.  405. A. Blasko; K.A. Browne; G-X. He; and T.C. Bruice. Microgonotropens 
              and Their Interactions with DNA. III. Structural Analysis of the 
              1:1 Complex of d(CGCAAATTTGCG)2 and Dien- Microgonotropen-c by 2D 
              NMR Spectroscopy and Restrained Molecular Modeling. J. Am. Chem. 
              Soc. 1993, 115, 7080.  406. Ö Almarsson; A. Sinha, E. Gopinath and T.C. Bruice. The 
              Mechanism of One-Electron Oxidation of NAD(P)H and the Function 
              of NADPH Bound to Catalase. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 7093.  407. Ö Almarsson; T.C. Bruice; J. Kerr and R. Zuckermann. Molecular 
              Mechanics Calculations of the Structures of Polyamide Nucleic Acid 
              DNA Duplexes and Triple Helical Hybrids. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 
              (USA) 1993, 90, 7518.  408. R. D. Arasasingham; G.-X. He; and T. C. Bruice. Mechanism of 
              Manganese Porphyrin-Catalyzed Oxidation of Alkenes. Role of Manganese(IV)-Oxo 
              Species. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 7985.  409. Ö Almarsson and T.C. Bruice. Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) 
              Conformation and Polymorphism in PNA-DNA and PNA-RNA Hybrids. Proc. 
              Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 1993, 90, 9542.  410. A. Blaskó and T.C. Bruice. Stoichiometry and Structure 
              of Complexes of DNA Oligomers with Microgonotropens and Distamycin 
              by 1H NMR Spectroscopy and Molecular Modeling. Proc. Natl. Acad. 
              Sci. (USA) 1993, 90, 10018.  411. A. Blaskó; B. Garcia; and T.C. Bruice. Pendant-Capped 
              Porphyrins. II. Structural Analysis and Dynamics of the Biphenyl 
              Pendant- Capped Porphyrin Model of Catalase and Its Fe(III) Complex 
              by One and Two Dimensional 1H NMR Spectroscopy and Distance Geometry/Molecular 
              Modeling Refinement. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 5738.  412. Ö. Almarsson; A. Blaskó; and T.C. Bruice. Studies 
              on a Hydrocarbon Capped Free Base Tetraphenylporphyrin and its Conjugate 
              Acids - First Observation of a Monoprotonated Tetraphenylporphyrin 
              {CapTPP(H3+)CF3CO2-}. Tetrahedron 1993, 49, 10239.  413. Arasasingham, Ramesh D.; Bruice, Thomas C.. Formation and alkene 
              epoxidation by higher-valent oxo-metalloporphyrins. Act. Dioxygen 
              Homogeneous Catal. Oxid., [Proc. Int. Symp.], 5th 1993, 147-69. 
             414. H.G. Hansma, R.L. Sinsheimer, J. Groppe, T.C. Bruice, V. Elings, 
              G. Gurley, M. Bezanilla, I.A. Mastrangelo, P.V.C. Hough, and P.K. 
              Hansma. Recent Advances in Atomic Force Microscopy of DNA. Scanning 
              1993, 15, 296.  415. G-X. He, A. Blaskó, and T.C. Bruice. 1H NMR Study of 
              the Rates and Isotope Effects of NADH Model Hydride Transfer Reaction. 
              Bioorganic Chem. 1993, 21, 423.  416. Ostovic, Drazen; He, Gong-Xin; Bruice, Thomas C.. Mechanisms 
              of reaction of hypervalent oxochromium, iron, and manganese tetraphenylporphyrins 
              with alkenes. Metalloporphyrins Catal. Oxid. 1994, 29-68.  417. G-X. He, K.A. Browne, A. Blaskó, and T.C. Bruice. Microgonotropens 
              and Their Interactions with DNA. IV. Synthesis of the Tripyrrole 
              Peptides Tren-Microgonotropen-a and -b and Characterization of Their 
              Interactions with DsDNA. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 3716.  418. A. Blaskó; K.A. Browne; and T.C. Bruice. Microgonotropens 
              and Their Interactions with DNA. V. Structural Characterization 
              of the 1:1 complex of d(CGCAAATTTGCG)2 and Tren-Microgonotropen-b 
              by 2D NMR Spectroscopy and Restrained Molecular Modeling. J. Am. 
              Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 3726.  419. R.O. Dempcy and T.C. Bruice. The Negative Charge of Alkyl Phosphate 
              Diesters and the Slow-gaited Hydrolysis of RNA and DNA. Catalysis 
              of RNA Hydrolysis through Metal Ion Ligation to the Ester >PO2- 
              Moiety. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4511.  420. H-Y. Zhang; J-Q Yu and T. C. Bruice. Synthesis of a Spheroidal 
              Bis- porphyrin. a Ligand Designed to Accept Two Catalytic Metal 
              Ions in an Isolated Environment. Tetrahedron 1994, 59, 11339.  421. R. O. Dempcy; Ö. Almarsson; and T. C. Bruice. The Design 
              and Synthesis of DNG: A Polycation Analogue of DNA. Proc. Natl. 
              Acad. Sci. (USA) 1994, 91, 7864.  422. H. G. Hansma; K. A. Browne; M. Bezanilla; and T. C. Bruice. 
              Bending and Straightening of DNA Induced by the Same Ligand: Characterization 
              with the Atomic Force Microscope. Biochemistry 1994, 33, 8436.  423. F. C. Lightstone; T. C. Bruice. Geminal-Dialkyl Substitution, 
              Intramolecular Reactions and Enzyme Efficiency. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 
              1994, 116, 10789.  424. A. Tsubouchi; T. C. Bruice. A Remarkable (~1013) Rate Enhancement 
              in Phosphonate Ester Hydrolysis Catalyzed by Two Metal Ions. J. 
              Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 11614.  425. T. Xue; K. A. Browne; T. C. Bruice. A Novel Minor Groove Binding 
              Reagent Designed to Serve as a "Truck" to Carry DNA Modifying 
              Moieties into the Major Groove. Bioconjugate Chem. 1995, 6, 82. 
             426. T. C. Bruice; A. Blaskó´; R. D. Arasasingham; J-S. 
              Kim; M. Petyak. Hydrolysis of a Phosphate Diester by Simultaneous 
              Carboxylate and Carboxyl Group Participation in a Rigid System with 
              Kinetically Unfavorable Rotamers Frozen Out. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 
              117, 3639.  427. O. Almarsson; H. Adalsteinsson; T. C. Bruice. Synthesis and 
              Characterization of An Octacationic Iron(III) Tetraphenylporphyrin,Which 
              is Soluble in Water and Non m-oxo Dimer Forming. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 
              1995, 117, 4524.  428. O. Almarsson; T. C. Bruice. A Homolytic Mechanism of O-O Bond 
              Scission Prevails in the Reactions of Alkyl Hydroperoxides With 
              An Octacationic Tetraphenylporphnato Iron(III) Complex in Aqueous 
              Solution. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 4533.  429. R. O. Dempcy; K. A. Browne and T. C. Bruice. Synthesis of the 
              Polycation Thymidyl DNG, It's Fidelity in Binding Polyanionic DNA/RNA, 
              and the Stability and Nature of the Hybrid Complexes. J. Am. Chem. 
              Soc. 1995, 117, 6140.  430. R. O. Dempcy; K. A. Browne; T. C. Bruice. Synthesis of a Thymidyl 
              Pentamer of DNG and Binding Studies with DNA Homopolyoligonucleotides. 
              Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci (USA) 1995, 92, 6097.  431. K. A. Browne; R. O. Dempcy; T. C. Bruice. Binding Studies of 
              Cationic DNG to RNA Homopolynucleotides. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci(USA) 
              1995, 92, 7051.  432. A. Blasko; K. A. Browne; T. C. Bruice. NMR Structure of d(CGCA3T3GCG)2:Tren-Microgonotropen-b:Zn(II) 
              Complex and Solution Studies of Metal Ion Complexes of Tren- Microgonotropen-b 
              Interacting with DNA. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry 1995, 3, 
              631.  433. L. P. Olson and T. C. Bruice. Electron tunneling and ab initio 
              calculations related to the one-electron oxidation of NAD(P)H bound 
              to catalase. Biochemistry 1995, 34, 7335-7347.  434. A. Tsubouchi; T. C. Bruice. Phosphonate Ester Hydrolysis Catalyzed 
              by Two Lanthanum Ions. Intramolecular Nucleophilic Attack of Coordinated 
              Hydroxide and Lewis Acid Activation. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 
              7399.  435. Thomas C. Bruice; Andrei Blaskó; and Mark E. Petyak. 
              Participation of two Carboxyl Groups in Phosphodiester Hydrolysis. 
              I. The Hydrolysis of Bis-(2-carboxyphenyl) Phosphate. J. Am. Chem. 
              Soc. 1995, 117, 12064.  436. Thomas C. Bruice; Andrei Blaskó; Ramesh D. Arasasingham; 
              and Jang- Seob Kim. Participation of two Carboxyl Groups in Phosphodiester 
              Hydrolysis. II A Kinetic, Isotopic and 31P NMR Study of the Hydrolysis 
              of a Phosphodiester with Carboxyl Groups Fixed in an Attack Conformation. 
              J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 12070.  437. R. A. Torres and T. C. Bruice. Interresidue Hydrogen Bonding 
              in a PNA.RNA Heteroduplex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci (USA) 1996, 93, 
              649.  438. F. C. Lightstone and T. C. Bruice. Ground state conformations 
              and entropic and enthalpic factors in the efficiency of intramolecular 
              and enzyme reactions. 1. Cyclic anhydride formation by substituted 
              glutarates, succinate and 3.6-endoxo-?4-tetrahydrophthalate monophenyl 
              esters. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2595-2605.  439. H-Y. Zhang and T. C. Bruice. The Kinetic Influence of Increasing 
              Steric Hindrance to Metallation By Zinc(II) which Accompanies the 
              Inclusion of 5,10,15,20-meso(Tetraphenyl)porphyrin into Capped and 
              Quadruply Bridged Closely Spaced Bis-porphyrin Structures. Inorganica 
              Chimica Acta. 1996, 247, 195.  440. Dempcy, Robert O.; Bruice, Thomas C.. The synthesis and DNA/RNA 
              hybridization properties of DNG, a putative antisense agent with 
              an attractive polycationic guanidinium backbone. NATO ASI Series, 
              Series C: Mathematical and Physical Sciences 1996, 479(DNA and RNA 
              Cleavers and Chemotherapy of Cancer and Viral Diseases), 143-162. 
             441. D. Sengupta; A. Blasko; T. C. Bruice. A Microgonotropin Pentaaza 
              Pentabutylamine and its Interactions with DNA. Bioorganic and Med. 
              Chem. 1996, 4, 803.  442. R.O. Dempcy; Jia Luo and T.C. Bruice. Design and Synthesis of 
              Ribonucleic Guanidine: A polycationic analog of RNA. Proc. Natl. 
              Acad. Sci (USA) 1996, 93, 4326.  443. R. A. Torres; Ö. Almarsson and T. C. Bruice. Molecular 
              Mechanics Calculations of the Riboacetal Internucleotide Linkage 
              in Double and Triple Helices. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci (USA) 1996, 
              93, 6875.  444. L. P. Olson; J. Luo; Ö. Almarsson and T. C. Bruice. On 
              the Mechanism of Aldehyde Oxidation Catalyzed by Horse Liver Alcohol 
              Dehydrogenase. Biochemistry 1996, 35, 9782.  445. H. Adalsteinsson; A. H. Maulitz and T. C. Bruice. Calculation 
              of the potential energy surface for the intermolecular amide hydrogen 
              bonds using semiempirical and ab initio methods. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 
              1996, 118, 7689-7693.  446. A. Blasko; R. O. Dempcy; E. E. Minyat & T. C. Bruice. Association 
              of Short Strand DNA Oligomers with Guanidinium Linked Nucleosides 
              (DNG). A Kinetic and Thermodynamic Study. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 
              118, 7892.  447. T. C. Bruice; A. Tsubouchi; R. O. Dempcy and L. P. Olson. Oneand 
              Two Metal Ion Catalysis of the Hydrolysis of Adenosine-3'-(alkyl)phosphate 
              esters. Models for One and Two Metal Ion Catalysis of RNA Hydrolysis. 
              J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9867.  448. T. C. Bruice; D. Sengupta; A. Blasko; S-Y. Chiang; & T. 
              A. Beerman. A Microgonotropen Branched Decaaza Decabutylamine and 
              its Interactions with DNA & DNA/Transcription Facor Interactions. 
              Bioorganic and Med. Chem. 1997, 5, 685.  449. S.-Y. Chiang; T. C. Bruice; J. C. Azizkhan; L. Gawron & 
              T. Beerman. Targeting E2F1/DNA Complexes with Microgonotropen DNA 
              Binding Agents. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 1997, 94, 2811.  450. Y-J. Zheng & T. C. Bruice. On the Dehalogenation Mechnism 
              of 4-Chlorobenzoate by 4-Chlorobenzoyl CoA Dehydrogenase: Insights 
              from Study Based on Active Site Model. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 17, 
              3868-3877.  451. Y-Y. Zheng & T. C. Bruice. Is Strong Hydrogen Bonding in 
              the Transition State Enough To Account for the Observed Rate Acceleration 
              in a Mutant of Papain? Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 1997, 94, 4285.  452. A. Blasko; E. E. Minyat; R. O. Dempcy & T. C. Bruice. Fidelity 
              of Binding of the Guanidinium Nucleic Acid (DNG) d(Tg)4-T-azido 
              with Short Strand DNA Oligamers {A5G3A5, GA4G3A4G, G2A3G3A3G2,G2A2G5A2G2} 
              with a Guanidinium Linked (DNG) Nucleoside. A Kinetic and Thermodynamic 
              Study. Biochemistry 1997, 36, 7821.  453. A. H. Maulitz; F. C. Lightstone; Y-J. Zheng & T. C. Bruice. 
              Non- Enzymatic and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Alkyl Halides. I. A Theoretical 
              Study of the SN2 Reactions of Acetate and Hydroxide Ions with Alkyl 
              Chlorides. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci (USA). 1997, 94, 6591.  454. F. C. Lightstone; Y-J. Zheng; A. H. Maulitz & T. C. Bruice. 
              Non-enzymatic and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Alkyl Halides. A Haloalkane 
              Dehalogenation Enzyme Evolved to Stabilized the Gas Phase Transition 
              State of an SN2 Displacement Reaction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 
              1997, 94, 8417.  455. J. Luo & T. C. Bruice. Nanosecond Molecular Dynamics Study 
              of a Polycation Ribonucleic Guanidine (RNG) Duples with a Complimentary 
              DNA Oligomer Strand. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 6693.  456. T. C. Bruice; Y-C. Yip; A. Blasko; M. E. Petyak; K. A. Browne 
              & F. C. Lightstone. Design, Synthesis, Characterizaton of a 
              Novel Hexa-azacyclophane and Interactions with d(CGCA3T3GCG), ctDNA 
              and T4DNA. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 8105.  457. Y-J. Zheng & T. C. Bruice. A Theoretical Examination of 
              the Factors Controlling the Catalytic Efficiency of a Transmethylation 
              Enzyme: Catechol O-Methyltransferase. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 
              8137.  458. F. C. Lightstone & T. C. Bruice. Separation of Ground State 
              and Transition State Effects in Intramolecular and Enzymatic Reactions. 
              II. A Theoretical Study of the Formation of Transition States in 
              Cyclic Anhydride Formation. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 9103.  459. Y-J. Zheng & T. C. Bruice. Conformation of coenzyme Pyrroloquinolinequinone 
              (PQQ) and the Role of Ca2+ in the Catalytic Mechanism of Quinoprotein 
              Methanol Dehydrogenase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 1997, 94, 11881. 
             460. J. Luo & T. C. Bruice. Nanosecond Molecular Dynamics of 
              Hybrid Triplex and Duplex of Polycation Deoxyribonucleic Guanidine 
              (DNG) Strands with a Complimentary DNA Strand. J. Am. Chem. Soc.1998, 
              120, 1115.  461. Y-J. Zheng & T. C. Bruice. Rapid Enzyme-catalyzed Heterolytic 
              C-H Bond Cleavage by A Base Strength Amplification Mechanism: A 
              Theoretical Examination of the Mechanism of Oxidation of Vitamin 
              K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 1623.  462. H. Adalsteinsson & T. C. Bruice. What is the Mechanism of 
              Catalysis of Ester Aminolysis by Weak Amine Bases? Comparison of 
              Experimental Studies and Theoretical Investigation of the Aminolysis 
              of Substituted Phenyl Esters of Qunoline-6- and -8-Carboxylic Acids. 
              J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 3440.  463. Y-J. Zheng & T. C. Bruice. Role of a Critical Water in Scytalone 
              Dehydratase Calalyzed Reaction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 1998, 
              95, 4158.  464. Y-J. Zheng & T. C. Bruice. Identifying the Intermediate 
              in the Dioxygen Transfer from 4a-Hydroperoxyflavin Anion to Phenolate 
              and Indole Anions. Bioorganic Chem. 1998, 25, 331.  465. B. Linkletter & T. C. Bruice. Solid Phase Synthesis of Oligomeric 
              Deoxynucleic Guanidine (DNG): A Polycationic Analogue of DNA. Bioorganic 
              & Med. Lett. 1998, 8, 1285.  466. D. A. Barawkar; B. Linkletter & T. C. Bruice. Synthesis 
              of Protected Guanidinium Linked Dinucleoside for Incorporable into 
              an Oligonucleotide Using Solid Phase DNA Methodology. Bioorganic 
              & Med. Lett. 1998, 8, 1517.  467. F. C. Lightstone; Y-J. Zheng & T. C. Bruice. Molecular Dynamics 
              Simulations of Ground and Transition States for the SN2 Displacement 
              of Cl- from 1,2- Dichloroethane at the Active Site of Xanthobacter 
              Autotrophicus Haloalkane Dehalogenase. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 
              5611.  468. D. P. Arya & T. C. Bruice. Replacement of the Negative Phosphodiester 
              Linkages of DNA by Positive S-Methyl Thiourea Linkers: A Novel Approach 
              to Putative Antisense Agents. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 6619. 
             469. B. Schiøtt; Y.-J. Zheng & T. C. Bruice. Theorectical 
              Investigation of the Hydride Transfer from Formate to NAD+ and the 
              Implications for the Catalytic Mechanism of Formate Dehydrogenase. 
              J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 7192.  470. R. A. Torres & T. C. Bruice. MolecularDynamics Study Displays 
              Near In-line Attack Conformations in the Hammerhead Ribozyme Self-cleavage 
              Reaction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 1998, 95, 11077.  471. D. A. Barawkar & T. C. Bruice. Synthesis, biological properties 
              and nuclease resistance properties of mixed backbone oligodeoxynucleotides 
              containing cationic internucleoside guanidinium linkages: DNG/DNA 
              chimeras. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 1998, 95, 11047.  472. F. C. Lightstone; Y-J. Zheng & T. C. Bruice. The Structure 
              of the ES Complex and Transition State Formed in the SN2 Displacement 
              of Cl- from 1,2-Dichloroethane at the Active Site of Xanthobacter 
              autothropicus Haloalkane Dehalogenase. Bioorganic Chem. 1998, 26, 
              169.  473. F. C. Lightstone & T. C. Bruice. Enthalpy and Entropy in 
              Ring Closure Reactions. Bioorganic Chem. 1998, 26, 193.  474. B. Shiøtt; B. B. Iversen; G. K. H. Madsen; & T.C. 
              Bruice. On the Electronic Nature of Low-Barrier Hydrogen Bonds in 
              Enzymatic Reactions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 1998, 95, 12799. 
             475. E. Y. Lau & T. C. Bruice. Importance of Correlated Motions 
              in Forming Highly Reactive Near Attack Conformations in Catechol 
              O Methyltransferase. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 12387.  476. D. P. Arya & T. C. Bruice. Positively Charged DeoxyNucleic 
              MethylThioureas (DNmt): Synthesis and Binding Properties of Pentameric 
              Thynidyl S-Methyl thiourea. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 12419. 
             477. B. Shiøtt; B. B. Iversen; G. K. H. Madsen; & T.C. 
              Bruice. Characterization of the Short Strong Hydrogen Bond in Benzoylacetone 
              by Ab Initio Calculations and Accurate Diffraction Experimentts. 
              Implications for the Electronic Nature of Low-Barrier Hydrogen Bonds 
              in Enzyme Reactions. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 12117.  478. T. C. Bruice & F. C. Lightstone. Ground State and Transition 
              State Contributions to Intramolecular and Enzymatic Reactions. Acc. 
              Chem Res. 1999, 32, 127. PDF 
             479. Linkletter, B. A.; Szabo, I. E.; Bruice, T. C.. Solid-phase 
              synthesis of deoxynucleic guanidine (DNG) oligomers and melting 
              point and circular dichroism analysis of binding fidelity of octameric 
              thymidyl oligomers with DNA oligomers. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 
              3888–3896. PDF 
             480. Arya, D. P.; Bruice, T. C.. Triple-helix formation of DNA oligomers 
              with methylthiourea-linked nucleosides (DNmt): A kinetic and thermodynamic 
              analysis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 1999, 96, 4384–4389. 
             481. Blaskó, A.; Bruice, T. C.. Recent studies of nucleophilic, 
              general-acid, and metal ion catalysis of phosphate diester hydrolysis. 
              Acc. Chem. Res. 1999, 32, 475–484.  482. J. Luo; K. Kahn; & T. C. Bruice. The Linear Dependence of 
              log(kcat/Km) for Reduction of NAD+ by PhCH2OH on the Distance Between 
              Reactants when Catalyzed by Horse Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase and 
              203 Single Point Mutants. Bioorg. Chem. 1999, 27, 289. PDF 
             483. E. Y. Lau & T. C. Bruice. Consequences of Breaking the Asp-His 
              Hydrogen Bond of the Catalytic Triad: Effects on the Structure and 
              Dynamics of the Serine Esterase Cutinase. J. Biophys. 1999, 77, 
              85.  484. R. Torres; B. Schiott; & T. C. Bruice. Molecular Dynamics 
              Simulations of Ground and Transition States for the Hydrid Transfer 
              from Formate to NAD+ in Formate Dehydrogenase. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 
              1999, 121, 8164-8173.  485. E. Y. Lau & T. C. Bruice. Active Site Dynamics of the HhaI 
              Methyltransferase: Insights from Computer Simulation. J. Mol. Bio. 
              1999, 293, 9-18.  486. Barawkar, D. A.; Bruice, T. C.. Deoxynucleic guanidines/PNA 
              (DNG/PNA) chimeras: oligonucleoside analogues containing cationic 
              guanidinium and neutral amide linkages. J. Am. Chem. Soc.1999, 121, 
              10418–10419.  487. Arya, D. P.; Bruice, T. C.. Fidelity of deoxynucleic S–methylthiourea 
              (DNmt) binding to DNA oligomers: influence of C mismatches. J. Am. 
              Chem. Soc.1999, 121, 10680–10684.  488. R. Torres & T. C. Bruice. Theoretical Investigation of the 
              (1,2)-Sigmatropic Hydrogen Migration in the Mechanism of Oxidation 
              of 2-Aminobenzoyl-CoA by 2- Aminobenzoyl-CoA Monooxygenase/Reductase. 
              Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 1999, 96, 14748.  489. Satz, A. L.; Bruice, T. C.. Synthesis of fluorescent microgonotropen 
              (FMGT–1) and its interactions with the dodecamer d(CCGGAATTCCGG). 
              Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 1999, 9, 3261–3266. PDF 
             |